常见术语
========================================

二进制
----------------------------------------
- 最低有效位 (Least Significant Bit, LSB)
- 最高有效位 (Most Significant Bit, MSB)

可执行文件
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- 动态链接库 (Dynamic Linked Library, DLL)

编译
----------------------------------------
- 即时编译器 (Just In Time compiler, JIT)
- 中间表示 (Intermediate Representation, IR)
- 控制流图 (Control Flow Graph, CFG)
- 抽象语法树 (Abstract Syntax Tree, AST)
- 静态单赋值 (Static Single-Assignment, SSA)

硬件设备
----------------------------------------

存储设备
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- 只读存储器 (Read Only Memory, ROM)
- 随机存取存储器 (Random Access Memory, RAM)
- 静态随机存取存储器 (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM)
- 动态随机存取存储器 (Dynamic Random Access Memory, DRAM)
- 非易失内存芯片 (Non-Volatile Memory)
- 带电可擦可编程只读存储器 (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory, EEPROM)
- 非易失性随机访问存储器 (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory, NVRAM) 
- 内存技术设备 (Memory Technology Device, MTD)

处理设备
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- CPU (Central Process Unit)
- GPU (Graphic Process Unit)
- 算术逻辑单元 (Arithmetic and Logic Unit, ALU)

硬件接口
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)
- JTAG (Joint Test Action Group)
- 外设部件互连标准 (Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI)

数据交互
----------------------------------------
- MMIO (Memory-Mapped Input/Output)
- PMIO (Port-Mapped Input/Output)
- DMA (direct memory access)
- 应用二进制接口 (Application Binary Interface, ABI)

指令集架构
----------------------------------------
- ISA (Industrial Standard Architecture)
- 指令集体系结构 (Instruction Set Architecture)
- IRQ (Interrupt Request)
- 复杂指令集运算 (Complex Instruction Set Computing, CISC)
- 精简指令集运算 (Reduced Instruction Set Computing, RISC)
- 显式并行指令集运算 (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing, EPIC)

程序分析
----------------------------------------
- S2E (Symbolic Sombolic Exection)

内存与地址
----------------------------------------
- Guest虚拟地址 (Guest Virtual Address, GVA)
- Guest物理地址 (Guest Physical Address, GPA)
- Host虚拟地址 (Host Virtual Address, HVA)
- Host物理地址 (Host Physical Address, HPA)
- 内存管理单元 (Memory Management Unit, MMU)
- 内存管理单元 (Paged Memory Management Unit, PMMU)

安全机制
----------------------------------------
- WDAC (Windows Defender Application Control)

机制
----------------------------------------
- 写时复制 (Copy On Write, COW)